Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-7 (of 7 Records) |
Query Trace: Chen SY[original query] |
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Sex work, discrimination, drug use and violence: a pattern for HIV risk among transgender sex workers compared to MSM sex workers and other MSM in Guatemala
Miller WM , Miller WC , Barrington C , Weir SS , Chen SY , Emch ME , Pettifor AE , Paz-Bailey G . Glob Public Health 2019 15 (2) 1-13 The risk of HIV infection is higher among transgender women and cisgender men who have sex with men (MSM) compared to the general population due in part to social and contextual factors. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and association of alcohol and drug abuse, discrimination and violence among transgender sex workers compared to cisgender male sex workers and cisgender men who had not received money for sex in Guatemala City. In 2010, transgender women and cisgender men who had had sex with men or transgender women were recruited into a cross-sectional behavioural survey. Among transgender women, 86% received money for sex in the past year. Transgender sex workers were more likely to use drugs and binge drink, three times as likely to be discriminated against and eight times as likely to be forced to have sex compared to non-sex worker men. Male sex workers were twice as likely to use illicit drugs or experience physical violence and six times as likely to experience forced sex compared to non-sex worker men. Transgender and male sex workers would benefit from harm reduction for substance use, violence prevention, response and strategies to mitigate discrimination. |
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis exploits CD209 receptors for promoting host dissemination and infection
He YX , Ye CL , Zhang P , Li Q , Park CG , Yang K , Jiang LY , Lv Y , Ying XL , Ding HH , Huang HP , Tembo JM , Li AY , Cheng B , Zhang SS , Zheng GX , Chen SY , Li W , Xia LX , Kan B , Wang X , Jing HQ , Yang RF , Peng H , Fu YX , Klena JD , Skurnik M , Chen T . Infect Immun 2018 87 (1) Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a Gram-negative enteropathogen and causes gastrointestinal infections. It disseminates from gut to mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), spleen and liver of infected humans and animals. Although the molecular mechanisms for dissemination and infection are unclear, many Gram-negative enteropathogens presumably invade into the small intestine via the Peyer's patches to initiate dissemination. In this study, we demonstrate that Y. pseudotuberculosis utilizes its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core to interact with CD209 receptors, leading to invasion of human dendritic cells (DCs) and murine macrophages. These Y. pseudotuberculosis-CD209 interactions result in bacterial dissemination to MLNs, spleens and livers of both wild-type and Peyer's patch-deficient mice. The blocking of the Y. pseudotuberculosis-CD209 interactions by expression of O-antigen and with oligosaccharides reduces infectivity. Based on the well-documented studies, in which HIV-CD209 interaction leads to the viral dissemination, we therefore propose an infection route for Y. pseudotuberculosis where this pathogen after penetrating the intestinal mucosal membrane hijacks via the Y. pseudotuberculosis-CD209 interaction antigen presenting cells (APCs) to reach their target destinations, MLNs, spleens and livers. |
The where and how for reaching transgender women and men who have sex with men with HIV prevention services in Guatemala
Miller WM , Miller WC , Barrington C , Weir SS , Chen SY , Emch ME , Pettifor AE , Paz-Bailey G . AIDS Behav 2016 21 (12) 3279-3286 This study aims to describe the transgender women and men who have sex with men (MSM) missed through venue-based sampling and illustrate how data on venues can be used to prioritize service delivery. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) and time-location sampling (TLS) were used concurrently in 2010 for behavioral surveillance among MSM and transgender women in Guatemala City. RDS recruits who did not frequent venues (n = 106) were compared to TLS recruits (n = 609). TLS participants recruited at different types of venues were compared. RDS recruits who did not frequent venues were less educated, less likely to identify as gay, more likely to have concurrent partners and female sexual partners. Participants recruited at NGOs, saunas, hotels, streets and parks had more partners, were more likely to receive money for sex or have concurrent partners. Prevention programs for MSM and transgender women should characterize social venues and people that frequent them and improve service coverage through venues and social networks. |
Scale-up, retention and HIV/STI prevalence trends among female sex workers attending VICITS clinics in Guatemala
Morales-Miranda S , Jacobson JO , Loya-Montiel I , Mendizabal-Burastero R , Galindo-Arandi C , Flores C , Chen SY . PLoS One 2014 9 (8) e103455 BACKGROUND: Since 2007, Guatemala integrated STI clinical service with an HIV prevention model into four existing public health clinics to prevent HIV infection, known as the VICITS strategy. We present the first assessment of VICITS scale-up, retention, HIV and STI prevalence trends, and risk factors associated with HIV infection among Female Sex Workers (FSW) attending VICITS clinics in Guatemala. METHODS: Demographic, behavioral and clinical data were collected using a standardized form. Data was analyzed by year and health center. HIV and STI prevalence were estimated from routine visits. Retention was estimated as the percent of new users attending VICITS clinics who returned for at least one follow-up visit to any VICITS clinic within 12 months. Separate multivariate logistic regression models were conducted to investigate factors associated with HIV infection and program retention. RESULTS: During 2007-2011 5,682 FSW visited a VICITS clinic for the first-time. HIV prevalence varied from 0.4% to 5.8%, and chlamydia prevalence from 0% to 14.3%, across sites. Attending the Puerto Barrios clinic, having a current syphilis infection, working primarily on the street, and using the telephone or internet to contact clients were associated with HIV infection. The number of FSW accessing VICITS annually increased from 556 to 2,557 (361%) during the period. In 2011 retention varied across locations from 7.7% to 42.7%. Factors negatively impacting retention included current HIV diagnosis, having practiced sex work in another country, being born in Honduras, and attending Marco Antonio Foundation or Quetzaltenango clinic sites. Systematic time trends did not emerge, however 2008 and 2010 were characterized by reduced retention. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show local differences in HIV prevalence and clinic attendance that can be used to prioritize prevention activities targeting FSW in Guatemala. VICITS achieved rapid scale-up; however, a better understanding of the causes of low return rates is urgently needed. |
Reaching men who have sex with men: a comparison of respondent-driven sampling and time-location sampling in Guatemala City
Paz-Bailey G , Miller W , Shiraishi RW , Jacobson JO , Abimbola TO , Chen SY . AIDS Behav 2013 17 (9) 3081-90 We present a comparison of respondent-driven sampling (RDS) and time-location sampling (TLS) for behavioral surveillance studies among men who have sex with men (MSM). In 2010, we conducted two simultaneous studies using TLS (N = 609) and RDS (N = 507) in Guatemala city. Differences in characteristics of the population reached based on weighted estimates as well as the time and cost of recruitment are presented. RDS MSM were marginally more likely to self-report as heterosexual, less likely to disclose sexual orientation to family members and more likely to report sex with women than TLS MSM. Although RDS MSM were less likely than TLS MSM to report ≥2 non-commercial male partners, they were more likely to report selling sex in the past 12 months. The cost per participant was $89 and $121 for RDS and TLS, respectively. Our results suggest that RDS reached a more hidden sub-population of non-gay-identifying MSM than TLS and had a lower implementation cost. |
Health care-associated measles outbreak in the United States after an importation: challenges and economic impact
Chen SY , Anderson S , Kutty PK , Lugo F , McDonald M , Rota PA , Ortega-Sanchez IR , Komatsu K , Armstrong GL , Sunenshine R , Seward JF . J Infect Dis 2011 203 (11) 1517-25 BACKGROUND: On 12 February 2008, an infected Swiss traveler visited hospital A in Tucson, Arizona, and initiated a predominantly health care-associated measles outbreak involving 14 cases. We investigated risk factors that might have contributed to health care-associated transmission and assessed outbreak-associated hospital costs. METHODS: Epidemiologic data were obtained by case interviews and review of medical records. Health care personnel (HCP) immunization records were reviewed to identify non-measles-immune HCP. Outbreak-associated costs were estimated from 2 hospitals. RESULTS: Of 14 patients with confirmed cases, 7 (50%) were aged ≥18 years, 4 (29%) were hospitalized, 7 (50%) acquired measles in health care settings, and all (100%) were unvaccinated or had unknown vaccination status. Of the 11 patients (79%) who had accessed health care services while infectious, 1 (9%) was masked and isolated promptly after rash onset. HCP measles immunity data from 2 hospitals confirmed that 1776 (25%) of 7195 HCP lacked evidence of measles immunity. Among these HCPs, 139 (9%) of 1583 tested seronegative for measles immunoglobulin G, including 1 person who acquired measles. The 2 hospitals spent US$799,136 responding to and containing 7 cases in these facilities. CONCLUSIONS: Suspecting measles as a diagnosis, instituting immediate airborne isolation, and ensuring rapidly retrievable measles immunity records for HCPs are paramount in preventing health care-associated spread and in minimizing hospital outbreak-response costs. (See the editorial commentary by Ostroff, on pages 1507-9.) |
Missed and delayed syphilis treatment and partner elicitation: a comparison between STD clinic and non-STD clinic patients
Chen SY , Johnson M , Sunenshine R , England B , Komatsu K , Taylor M . Sex Transm Dis 2009 36 (7) 445-51 BACKGROUND: Because of increases in reported syphilis, we sought to identify factors associated with missed and delayed syphilis treatment and partner elicitation interview. METHODS: We reviewed syphilis cases reported during June 1, 2006 to May 31, 2007 and conducted multivariate logistic regression analyses to determine demographic and clinical predictors of missed and delayed syphilis treatment and partner elicitation interview. RESULTS: Of 638 syphilis cases, 38 (6%) were identified as untreated cases. Median time-to-treatment was 7 days (range: 0-380) and median time-to-partner elicitation interview was 14 days (range: 0-380 days) for all case-patients. Both intervals were shorter for patients among whom syphilis was diagnosed at the STD clinic versus non-STD facilities. In multivariate analysis, diagnosis at a non-STD clinic (AOR: 2.6; 95% CI, 1.0-6.9) and having a late infection of unknown duration (AOR: 2.1; 95% CI, 1.0-4.6) were significantly associated with untreated syphilis. CONCLUSION: Time-to-treatment and time-to-partner elicitation interview were shorter for patients among whom syphilis was diagnosed at the STD clinic. For non-STD settings in Maricopa County, improvements in quality of care (i.e., timely treatment) and expeditious public health interventions (i.e., partner elicitation interview) are needed. |
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